Business Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Business Communication - Essay Example Nervousness leads to confusion during the presentation; hence one should calm down through relaxation methods including deep breathing and drinking a lot of water. The use of audio visual aids makes presentation easier especially when covering a technical issue. The steps that should be followed in meeting the expectations of the audience are by knowing them before the presentation, mingling with them as well as engaging them in the presentation. Audiovisual aids are efficient tools when it comes to making business presentations. This is because audiovisual aids are more effective in demonstrating figures and trends in business. 2The use of audio visual aids allows the audience to be more engaged in the presentation. They help to make the presentation more understandable and memorable. To demonstrate how the net sales have increased over the years, audiovisual aids are effective as they can be easily understood and are memorable. This information can be represented using various ways . The best way is by use of line graphs that show the amount of sales over the years. The other method is by use of bar charts which are appropriate for all forms of numerical comparisons. These are the two methods that can be used to represent the data appropriately. There are different ways of ensuring connection with the audience and responsiveness to their specific needs. There is the need to create a rapport with the audience before the presentation starts. This is by talking to them before the presentation begins which creates a chance to connect with them. Maintaining eye contact throughout the presentation establishes a connection with the audience. 1The presentation should be in a simple and convincing manner. The presenter connects with the audience by approaching the presentation from their perspective. The presenter shows responsiveness to the needs of the audience, as stated earlier, by getting to know them before the presentation. This can also be done by paying specia l attention to their body language and facial expression as it helps them to determine their feelings about the presentation and act accordingly. An example of a chronological resume Name Street Town Address Cell OBJECTIVE Searching for a vacancy where I can apply my knowledge and skills as a market analyst in a highly competitive business environment. STRENGTHS AND SKILLS Committed, diligent, visionary and a peoples person. Proficient in conducting market research and analysis. Excellent analytical capabilities. Exemplary public speaking and presentation skills. EXPERIENCE 2011 to present Employer Has worked for Motion as a market analyst for research in a highly competitive climate where new phone models are introduced. Position A market analyst Responsibilities Conducting market research. Analyzing trends in the market. Making monthly, quarterly and annual presentations to the members at the head office. 2009- 2011 Employer Matrix Company Position Research assistant Responsibilit ies Conducting market research. Compiling data collected from market researches. General office work. EDUCATION Bachelor of Business in Marketing, November 2007, Illinois State University, Illinois. There are basic steps that should be followed in the presentation to ensure the message is passed. This is by keeping it

God silences and comforts Essay Example for Free

God silences and comforts Essay Milton wrote â€Å"When I consider how my light is spent† when he was rapidly losing his eyesight. He contemplates on his life prior to blindness (â€Å"light†) and on his life after –â€Å"dark world and wide. † As a Christian, he questions the current state of his being and laments at how it has rendered him inadequate in serving his Maker. He feels that he now cannot serve God as best as he can due to his handicap. Understandably so, he is bitter, frustrated, and in despair. Often in our lives, we are faced with difficulties of all kinds. We do not like it so we get angry, but we cannot change it so we get cynical. We lash out on God by constantly asking â€Å"Why,† and wallow in self-pity in believing ourselves to be useless. But see, in the poem, this is where God shows Milton that he’s wrong. First and foremost, God in Himself is complete (â€Å"God who doth not need/Either man’s work or His own gifts†). For God, who needs neither man nor man’s abilities to define Him, Milton simply needs to bear his situation and trust in God wholeheartedly. All God requires is for man to serve him as best as he can to the extent that his circumstances allow him to. In Milton’s case, he need not be up to par with the most able and talented people to serve God; His service in light of his condition may in itself, be sufficient. With this, God silences and comforts Milton’s distrusting heart, and Milton yields to Him in unquestioning compliance. Your last name, 2 Reality confronts me with a world where circumstances don’t always go my way. In fact, things can even go so horribly wrong as to leave me feeling completely lost. Like Milton, it takes time for me to fully accept an unfavorable situation beyond my control. I question it, I curse it, and I tell myself that I can be and do better otherwise. In short, I use a bad situation as a convenient excuse to justify my failures and shortcomings. Like many others, I am guilty of humanity’s problem of wanting to control every aspect in life. However, problems constantly remind me that I will always be subject to the unforeseeable and the inevitable. I cannot be so arrogant in that I must always be in control of every situation, but neither can I just let circumstances prevent me from doing my best. Like Milton, I realize that the true test of character is how I act in the most trying times. The best of my ability is seen in how I am able to make the most of what I have. I know that when I do my best, my talents and abilities are never wasted in the eyes of God. Of course, there are still days when I feel that all elements are against my attempts to accomplish something, but that’s all right; I can let go with faith in the fact that I have done my very best. That, perhaps, is all that is really required of me. â€Å"Who best Bear His mild yoke, they serve Him best† –Milton, in referring to his troubles as mild, gave me something more to think about: How often have I thought of my problems as unsurpassable? How often have I believed myself to be the unluckiest of the unlucky? Quite often, I’m afraid. But as I look beyond myself and at the problems of people around me, I shamefully realize how my troubles pale in comparison. There is a whole world of people around me who suffer in ways I cannot even comprehend. Compared to them, my problems are small Your last name, 3 and trivial. If they, in their state, can bear and go on with their lives to the best of their abilities, how much more can I? In fact, history tells us that Milton’s best works were written after he became blind! Truly, I have no excuse to validate a contemptuous disposition. So with an acquired sense of humility, I admit that the only real limit to my abilities is myself. Nowadays, I confess that problems still get to me. As much as I tell myself to â€Å"just grin and bear it,† I still find it hard to do so unquestioningly. But as I think of Milton’s poem, I see things clearly and more rationally. Essentially, God’s message to Milton is that it is not the situation that makes a man, rather, it is what man makes of the situation. For as long as I live out my life as best as I can, I define who I am and what I do. And circumstances, no matter how difficult or shattering, will never defeat me. Works cited: 1. http://www. poetry-online. org/milton_when_i_consider_how_my_light_is_spent. htm

The Criticisms Of The Hofstedes Model Business Essay

The Criticisms Of The Hofstedes Model Business Essay Hofstedes model indicates 5 dimensions, which are Power distances, Individualism, Uncertainty avoidance, Masculine and Long-term orientation (Hofetede, 1998), to distinguish culture in different countries. Many organisational managers claimed that Hofstefe model is successfully comparative different culture in different countries. However, some scholars argued that it is risk to apply Hofstede model due to validity and reliably to differentiate culture such as perception of culture, methodology, and his dimensions. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to critic of Hofstedes model and claim how far we agree of his model. 2.0 National Culture vs. Non-Cultural factors Culture is Customs and beliefs, art, way of life and social organization of a particular country and group (Hornby, 2009) .However, Hofstede selected only one companys (IBM) staffs as sample to evaluate the countrys cultural measurement. This raises the survey of how far each IBM part can be measured culturally representative of the country in which it is based. (Mcsweeney, 2002) A study infatuated only on a company cannot probably offer depth to a complete countrys culture (Sondergaard 1994) .As William (2002) stated this can be considered to a trait of a company, the particular occupation, or the occupation in the particular company rather than to justify a national culture Trompenaar (1993) agrees with Williamson (2002). His research has successfully reduced Hofstedes evidence, where he has tested important differences among national cultures for the effect of irrelevant factors such as gender and occupation. As a matter of fact, the model is not representative because it is only drawn from one company involving only particular middle-class workers. However, Hofstede (1980) pointed out that the use of a single international employer eliminates the effect of the corporate policy and management practices from different companies influencing behaviour differently, leaving only national culture to explain cultural difference. While Williamson (2002) argues that, national, organisational and work-related cultures are not dependant issues. Hence, based on criticisms from the scholars which show that, even after eliminating corporate policy and management practices, there still exist different levels of cultures in a country. Therefore, Hofstedes assumption of culture differentiation of the country by surveying only IBM Companys stuffs cannot be justifiable. There are a broad variety of factors which affect culture including non cultural factors and human nature which are institutional influences, social structures and economic condition (Williamson, 2002). However, Hofstede tends to neglect the significance of community, and the variation of the community affects (Papamarcos et. al., 2007). For example, Some European countries like Britain, German, Italy and France having common political views and economical development needs formed European Union. As an  economic  and  political union with 27 member states, it has its own council, commission, court and bank which mean these 27 member countries share European Unions culture (Europa, 2009). It is able to be seen that culture is a complex and subjective conception. However, Hofstede only used limited survey to explain the values of the particular group or country. For instance, the rank of tolerance for ambiguity also can partially describe the general risk-taking tendency of businessmen. (Erdem, 2001). Thus, diverse study questions relied on cultural method need to be inquired on huge sample and relative researches. 3.0 Critics of Homogeneity of Country Culture On the other hand, Hofstedes research supposes the domestic population as a homogenous whole (Jones, 2007). Hofstedes model gives comparisons between different national cultures to achieve 5 dimensions which are established on data from 50 countries and 3 regions (Mead Andrews, 2009). However, the model ignores nation is consisted of different ethnic units having different cultures. It is not objective to say that one nation has one culture. For example, in China, there are 56 ethnic minorities. Different ethnic minorities have different language, customs and beliefs. It is far-fetched to believe there is one culture in China, because they are all Chinese. (Gov.cn, 2009) In addition, it is also hard to differentiate between the main culture and subcultures. For instance, relations between main cultures and subcultures are shifting by influence of political, economic, or historical factors. (Mead Andrews, 2009) 4.0 Dimension 4.1 Simplicity It is critical that Hofstedes dimension is too simple and few to differentiate the diversity of cultures in a country. For instance, such as training opportunities, satisfactory working conditions and possibility of fully using skills and abilities on the job in collectivism was not sufficient to obtain accurate country scores for a construct. (Papamarcos et. al., 2007). However, Williamson (2002) defended that Hofstedes model has the beauty of parsimony has shown the large part of its appeal and success within the functionalist paradigm. Yet, Mc Sweeneys (2002) objection of Hofstedes simplify model has pointed out the national culture of an appropriate balance between parsimony for powerful communication and power of explanation. 4.2 Bilateral model There are debatable of relevancy in applying a bilateral model used by Hofstedes dimension to a global organisation as a number of cultures are interacting and probably influencing each other (Mead Andrews, 2009). For example, there is only high or low level in power distance dimension of Hofstedes model. Therefore, the ability of the dimension to measure is restricted, which does not response the changes of different culture (Papamarcos et. al., 2007). Baskerville (2003) continued that why the validity of Hofstedes dimensions of culture had not been widely used in sociology and anthropology. In line with McSweeney (2002), the major contention over Hofstedes work is that culture does not equate with nations. Hence, it could not generalise the culture of a wide range of country and it is reasonable only if human societies are isolated from each other. However, people live in societies with intensifying networks of exchange and communication (Baskerwille, 2003). Therefore, it shows t hat the differences of culture are to by measuring of the degrees rather than bilateral results. 4.3 Labelling Issues Labelling issues of the Hofstedes dimension is also being concerned. Based on masculine and feminine dimension does not recommend to the domination of sexual category and the indistinct labelling of the dimension may create confusion (Jones Alony, 2007). It gives the level to which masculine behaviours like power, belligerence and achieve are preferred to feminine features like personal relationships, quality of life and welfare (Williamson, 2002). Hence, it is agreeable with Adler (1997) that these indicators should change the dimension to career success or quality of life rather than using the sexist indicators. 5.0 Methodology From Hofstedes method about data collection, it is shown that the survey he used is only to cultivate the 5 dimensions. This has been argued that Hofstede used one survey method to measure dozens of different national cultures which is unrealistic and not reliable. McSweeney (2002) have also agreed that collecting date from questionnaires is too limited and not reliable to determine and measure cultural discrepancy. Hence, Hofstedes cultural survey fails to meet requirement for nomothetic research where national culture is not identifiable from his questionnaire (Williamson, 2002). For instance, Individualism and collectivism could not be effectively defined by 3 items each. The 3 items associated with Individualism were sufficient time for family life and freedom to adapt to ones own work style, and for Collectivism it was training opportunities, satisfactory working conditions and possibility of fully using skills and abilities on the job. It was not sufficient to rely on these 6 items to obtain accurate country scores for a construct (Voronov, 2002) pointed out that such a procedure merely shows which items belong together but doesnt demonstrate construct validity. However, Hofstede defends that survey was the one but not only method which was used (Hofstede 1998). It also can be proven that Hofstede did all that might be expected of nomothetic cultural research, there are objections to use nomothetic methods for cultural research. This can be seen that Hofstedes model is used widely for cross-cultural research (Jones, 2007). Sondergaard (1994) found that Hofstedes study received 1,036 citations in 1980, while another highly regarded study on strategy by Miles and Snow received only 200 citations. In addition, Sondergaard (1994) made a research which is similar to Hofstedes research and the most outcome of his research confirmed Hofstedes predictions. For example, it acknowledges that Hofstedes findings in the power distance dimension are useful and reliable. A significant aspect of journalistic culture is related to journalists position towards power (Hanusch, 2008). In most Western democracies, journalists, the competitor of the press, are represented as the fourth estate and watchdogs. They believe that they are an independent critic power. While in eastern countries, such as in Asian countries, an opponent position may conflict with values of harmony, yet criticism is possible in a covert form. Journalists see themselves as loyal to those in power, acting as a mouthpiece for the government (Hanusch, 2008). In short, its undoubtedly true that only used questionnaire survey method is not reliable however Hofstede also used homothetic cultural research method which means survey questionnaire is only one of the methods that Hofstede used to build his model. Therefore, using homothetic culture research method has shown the robust of his model. 5.1 Language The problem of survey questions is the limitation of language translation which has different meaning in each culture. Cultural beliefs changed in languages which influence managerial practice directly. Graham (1998) indicated that language and cultural beliefs are correlated because of cross-cultural interaction which means similarity in cultural beliefs also produces linguistic similarity. In addition, there are many different language systems in some countries such as Belgium, Canada, and Singapore. It is unrealistic to consider a multi-lingual society having one national culture. Language is an important component to measure of cultural differences. However, Hofstede only translated survey questions directly without considering the affect from languages which were likely to cause misunderstanding and ambiguity. Another opinion is that simple translation from other languages is not sufficient considering that patterns of communication behaviour are deeply rooted in language culture complexities (Ulijin and Campbell, 2001). Different languages have different patterns of discourse (Fletcher, 2006). For example, in one language, the key point of communication may be at the beginning of the sentence and the qualifiers follow. In other languages like Korean, the main point comes at the end of the sentence. If the translation does not include underlying concepts, the meaning will easily become distorted, and the emphasis of the message will be diminished. 5.2 Bias and reliability of Questionnaire Firstly, it is common that people do not know themselves. It is evident that one persons unconscious is much more sensitive than conscious mind. Therefore, unconscious minded are easily affect peoples psychology deeply (Woodside, 2006). Sometimes, people cannot give real responses because the truth is not known. For instance, if people do not know their life and work value, it is impossible to get real answers about their values through analyzing information from questionnaires. Moreover, Mc Sweeney (2002) argues that the administration of the survey and the ownership of its results were IBMs, some of the questionnaires were completed within groups and not individually. It means the information collected from questionnaire cannot reflect individuals real mentality. In addition, some employees had predicted companys policies would be revised which based on the result of this survey, so they didnt give real responses (Mead Andrews, 2009). Therefore, the result of the survey questionna ire has been doubtable. 6.0 Critical of Inconsistence of Research Outcome According to Hofstedes research (1998), he stated that his style of cross sectional analysis was apropos because he wasnt producing an absolute touchstone but was merely reckoning cultural differences. For example, He mentioned that wealth and individualism are connected. The wealthier countries tend to be more individualist, like UK and USA both are wealthier and individualist than Panama and Guatemala. According to his study Japan which is a wealthy country should fall in individualist category but it falls under collectivist category (Mead Andrews, 2009). Besides, according to Hofstede (1980), Japan also has a high power distance; however some Japanese firms, which bases on equality, often focus on the development of individual employees. Therefore, it is inappropriate that using these attributes at opposite ends of a continuum may reflect a western bias to research in the East (Papamarcos, et. al., 2007). This shown that there is faulty assumption of his study. He had a belief that a change in economic circumstances could bring shift in the culture and as a country develops, it shifts toward individualism. However time has changed, and Japan, as an example, which proves his study has ambiguity. However, due to the political sensitivity at that time, arguably has huge bearing accuracy and usefulness of the survey because the memories of the world war two and old war has impacted everything, and peoples feelings run high. There was district lack of data from third world and socialist countries due to the political situation (Jones, 2007). As a result, political influence is also affected Hosftedes data collection which might alter the reliability of the outcome of his research. 7.0 Time Changing Todays world is an era of globalisation, the technology is modern. There has been a drastic change in the rate of development compared with the rate at Hofstedes time. Austrian economist Joseph Schumpeter claimed that globalisation is also a process of creative destruction (Francoise, 2004). People, who use modern technology than ever before, are modern and advanced. Because of E-communication, distances have become very short. When doing business with countries abroad, communication is easy with the use of the fax, e-mail, video conferencing, etc. Technology is responsible for our way of communication and changes in globalisation are through the way we trade. In addition, Hofstede (1980) stated that the cross-cultural outcomes produced in centuries, most researches also supported the fact that culture will not change overnight. He assumes that cultural values are stable over time. However, some researchers also claimed that the study is too old to have any modern value particularly in todays rapidly changing global environment. For instance, based on Hofstedes dimension of uncertainty avoidance, there is a research about the rate of business ownership across 22 OECD countries which shows that in 1976 and 1988 uncertainty avoidance is positively correlated with the prevalence of business ownership, one of the reason for that ,perhaps, is the restrictive structure of large organizations. However, in 2000 this positive correlation is changed, low uncertainty avoidance countries start to compensate their economies (Wennekers, et. al, 2004). Therefore, it is still arguable about his failing to take into account of the malleability of culture over-time. 8.0 Conclusion In conclusion, different scholars have concrete point of view of flaws of hofstedes model particularly reliability and validity such as national, occupational and organisational cultures differentiate by Hofstede, five simple dimensions to differentiate the cultures, labelling issues and bilateral dimensions, out of date and his methodology of his research. However, culture is too complex and it is impossible to draw out a very comprehensive model to differentiate the country difference. In addition, some of the scholar have successfully prove of his homothetic research is valid to differentiate the different cultures. In addition, Hofstedes work helped many business people to develop their business successfully in a new country because of his simple and comparative model during 1980s where there were many businesses entering international market. Therefore, we decipher that Hofstedes model has a strong core useful for further cultural study and research. Though, with changes in time , there are numerous changes occurring in a nationals culture. Globalisation has let to mixing up of cultures and hence, no culture entails its all of its original characteristics. It is suggests time to time amendments need to be made to his model to ensure its suitability with changing time.

Identity Formation in Mansfield’s The Garden Party Essays -- The Garde

  Ã‚  "The budding rose above the rose full blown," writes William Henry Wordsworth, elevating the process of emerging, changing and evolving over those already developed, established and matured. While Wordsworth’s remark regards a rose, the statement also accurately describes Katherine Mansfield’s protagonist in The Garden Party. The narrative focuses on a wealthy family from New Zealand, jaded by elite lifestyle and prominent social standing. The youngest daughter, Laura, "the budding rose" of the story, seeks to break the constraints of upper class society, causing her to be both more mature and compassionate than other members of her well to do family. Laura’s internal struggle, the main conflict of Mansfield’s story, is one of identity, and she oscillates between imitating environmental influences and reacting to them in a manner that is unique to her individual personality. Throughout the course of the story, the pendulum of her conscience swings to converse sides, causing her actions to be inconsistent and without allegiance to either her family’s upperclass exclusive ways or to her inherent qualities of equality and empathy. This varying behavior causes critics to dispute over Laura’s "true" personality, motives and objectives. While some critics believe that her sympathetic efforts are an attempt at rebelling from the expectations of her class, others believe that she is an empathetic individual without a supportive family. Another group of critics believe that the story presents only the initiation of Laura’s kindness, suggesting that she will continue to flourish into a compassionate person on the outskirts of upper class society; others refute this view, stating that The Garden Party portrays the extent of Laura’s d... ... Daly, Saralyn R. "Katherine Mansfield" New York: Twayne Publishers; 1914. Kleine,Don W. "’The Garden Party’: A Portrait of the Artist,"Criticism, Vol. V No. 4 Fall, 1963, pp.360-371. Kobbler, J.F. "Katherine Mansfield. A Study of the Short Fiction". Twayne Publishers. Boston: 1991 Mansfield, Katherine. "The Garden Party. Norton Anthology Ed. M.H. Abrams W.W Norton & Company: New York, London, 1996, 1996 pp. 2510-2520 Pilditch, Jan. "Reference Guide to Short Fiction, 1st Ed.", St. James Press, 1994. Rich, Jennifer. "’The Garden Party’ and Other Short Stories by Katherine Mansfield". Satterfield, Ben. "Irony in ‘The Garden Party.’" Ball State University Forum Vol. XXIII No. 1, Winter, 1982 pp. 68-74. Sorkin, Adam J. "Katherine Mansfield’s ‘The Garden Party’: Style and Social Occasion" Modern Fiction Studies Vol. 24, 1978, pp.439-455.

Book Review Template Essay

Summary: This can come from the book jacket or a website, but it must be concise and it must be cited. You may also choose to write your own summary; in which case you should briefly tell the reader what the story is about. Where and when does it take place? Who are the main characters? What kinds of problems they run into? My Review: Begin by explaining why you chose this book in the first place. Next, comment on the connections you discovered between the characters/people in the book and your own personal experiences (text to self), other characters or people you’ve read about or encountered in film or television (text to text), or people you’ve heard about in real life (text to world). Follow this with your opinion of the book. What did you like about it? Give an example (quote a passage) and explain why you liked this. Comment on what you did not like about the book. Give an example (quote a passage) and explain why you did not like this. (In commenting on what you did or didn’t like, consider writing about how well the author: brings characters or people to life, holds your interest in terms of telling the story, or utilizes language to paint a clear and interesting picture of the characters, the setting, and the action of the story.) Important note: Do NOT give away the story’s ending. Conclude with your recommendation for other readers. Do you recommend this book? Why and for whom? (Consider age, reading level, genre, and subject.) Rating: How many stars do you give this book on a scale of 1-5? Credentials: Describe your credentials as a reader. (Start by identifying your status as a student: class name and period, and school name.) Then, describe what kind of reader you are. (How often do you read? How much do you read? What kind of books or text types do you typically read for your  own purposes?)

Contemporary Globalization Essay

Are you a forerunner of the so called Contemporary Globalization or in your view point do you adhere to Global Diversity? This short paper is to review globalization developments and their impacts or consequences whether is it a threat to human dignity in terms of providing a safer work place and leisure to man and will it promotes democracy and justice for all (Johnston, Mont 2000)? Globalization began in the 70’s and reaches all the corners of the world through the creation of IMF, the World Bank and, WTO. Globalization was also brought about by the advance communication technology and collapse of communism (Johnston, Mont 2000). According to the Canadian Union Council (CUC), â€Å"globalization does not account of the right of conscience, and democracy is only hearsay. Trade fundamentalist works with corporate lawyers to develop trade rules which expressly exclude consideration of the environment and human rights in favor of return on investments, consideration on the rights of others are only taken into consideration only in extraordinary circumstances†. For this reason, the Council created seven principles of the UUs covenants to counter act or to balance the wave of globalization which is detrimental to the Unitarian way of thinking in which it firmly believes that uniqueness of every person must be reverently acknowledge preserving his culture. It is in diversity that a genuine human society is born. Globalization spread the culture of homogenous market and consumerism; it limits human choices because human values are dictated by market values. Manfred Steger further stated globalism in his book A New Market Ideology as â€Å"globalony†. Consequences or impacts of Globalization: Neoliberals or the globalist supported their claims on the following ideology: Globalization is market integration, inevitable and irreversible, none is in-charge and it would benefit everyone, and will further spread democracy. These are strategies in order to promote private interests of dominant few to be supported by the general public. These claims were carefully examined by Steger as he insisted that we need to critically understand what are globalism, ideology, and globalization which are a process of globalism. He also pointed out that it is not only enough to examine its economic outcome but its ideas and values (Walker 2003). It is a hard truth to accept that the human will are dictated by market trends which mean that human values are being replaced by market value or the limiting of our choices which is contrary to the free act of man. Corporations have extended on a global scale, 51 among top companies are run by the wealthiest 100 multinationals (Carmichael 2002). Steger asserted that it is undemocratic because the influence of the supranational bodies will decrease the ability of national governments to regulate multinational corporations. Wiwa in his audience with law students declare that â€Å"The governance are no longer for the benefit of the citizens, as it should be, but for corporate profit. Decisions reflect only what corporations want (Carmichael 2002)†. Anything that gets in their way must be removed at all costs, no wonder there could be a time that man will be replaced by robots. For man to survive, diversity is needed but regimes like the WTO has modeled globalization which resulted into a homogenous culture of consumerism. It sees that diversity is an impediment to the free trade. One example is the over-produced food that flooded the developing countries; it forces small farmers to abandon their farms to work for Nike and other corporations. Mexican farmer’s earnings have declined by 40%. Poverty radically increases while the stocks of multinationals increases. Ken Wiwa a physician and an author of the book â€Å"Dance the guns to Silenceâ€Å"was hanged in November 1995 for his crusade against globalization and today it is his brother Owen who continues by addressing a political science class at the University of Toronto about the consequence of globalization saying â€Å"You have that paradox whereby an increase in transnational corporations in the south will increase the poverty and conflict and wars in that country and Ten years from now you may be working in these corporations and governments so it is up to you to make an influence â€Å"(Carmichael 2002). Shell Corporation and the Ogoni people faced the dilemma between the clearing of its oil spills and the MOSOP Movement of the Ogoni People for Survival in the 1990s. Oil extraction in their country is to the detriment of its inhabitants. Sickness related to air and water pollution like asthma and other diseases outnumbered the hospital built in 1993. Though the company has left the premises they have not really removed their pipelines nor cleaned up and paid compensation to their workers. The company remained quiet and the military was no longer engaged but arrest started Wiwa stated (Carmichael 2002). Based on the above consequences, Steger’s touches the tenets of his argument that it is the human will and choices that must create market models and not the goods or the reverse wherein market limits suppressed human choices. His argument was based on the historical facts that man lords over the earth and that no society have emerged without knowing how to take care of its own. Society degrades or falls when only a privileged few are protected, when dominance is instilled prejudices and other sisters of greed appears. The value of human work diminishes and man begins to serve only his appetite and whims. Indeed, we must account for the gifts we received such as the talents endowed to us. There is a need of strengthening our world communities to use collective power to develop alternatives to Globalization and Corporate Rule. We must examine and challenge ourselves what is behind each ideology and must patronize products and services that are truly for the benefit of mankind. We must put our best efforts that wealth is distributed equitably and for the common good. We must learn to scrutinize the use of worldly goods and sharpen our values to preserve the world and the future of the next generation. References Mel Johnston, Alastair Mont, Philip Symons Calgary, Alberta 2000, the CUC Policy on Globalization, [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 01 February 2008 from, http://www. cuc. ca/social_responsibility/globalization. htm Teresa Walker 2003, Globalism: The New Market Ideology by Manfred Steger, [Electronic Version]. Retrieved 01 February 2008 from, http://www. logosjournal. com/walker. htm Stefanie Carmichael (2002). Owens Wiwa tackles consequences of globalization [Electronic Version]. The Manitoban. Retrieved 02, February 2008 from, http://www. themanitoban. com/2001-2002/0403/news_8. shtml

10 Incredibly Useful Phrases That Will Boost Your Career

10 Incredibly Useful Phrases That Will Boost Your Career When we think about succeeding in our professional lives, most of the things we consider revolve around our work. But there is something to be said for the art of conversation that will lead you to new opportunities. By using these 10 useful phrases, you’ll be able to boost your career in ways you never thought were possible. Â  Source: [brightside.me]

Amy Lee Essays

Amy Lee Essays Amy Lee Essay Amy Lee Essay Amy Lee Amy Lynn Lee, singer-songwriter and classically-trained pianist, is co-founder and lead singer of the alternative metal band Evanescence. Inspired by her mother, Lee spent nine years of her life practicing piano. Lee was born to parents John Lee, radio personality, and Sara Cargill. Living in Florida and California, they finally settled in Little Rock, Arkansas, where the band Evanescence began. Hearing Lee’s beautiful voice and heartfelt words, tears fall from the cheeks of some listening. Her words resonate in the soul of the receiver. At a summer youth camp, Ben Moody noticed Lee on the piano playing the song, â€Å"I’d Do Anything for Love (But I Won’t Do That),† by Meatloaf. A month later, the two began writing songs, eventually producing Evanescence EP in 1998, Sound Asleep EP in 1999, and the full length demo, Origin, in 2000. Signing with Wind-Up Records, Evanescence released Fallen in 2003, selling six point six million copies and spending 43 weeks in the Billboard top ten. Evanescence’s major label debut single, â€Å"Bring Me to Life,† was a major hit for the band and reached number five on the American Billboard Hot 100, while the equally popular â€Å"My Immortal† peaked at number seven in the United States. Their inclusion in the soundtrack for the action movie, â€Å"Daredevil,† helped propel both songs into widespread popularity and firmly cemented Evanescence within the music scene. â€Å"Bring Me to Life† gained recognition for the band at the Grammy Awards of 2004, where the band was given the Best Hard Rock Performance award. At the same time, Evanescence was awarded Best New Artist. Lead-guitarist Ben Moody abruptly left the band during the middle of their European tour. Relieved of an abusive relationship with Moody, Lee states, â€Å"Before, I wasn’t allowed to play any organ because Ben didn’t like it. This time I could do whatever I wanted, and there’s lots of organ. It’s all over. † (Lee) Moody was replaced by Terry Balsamo, the former Limp Bizkit guitarist. Meanwhile, the band went through numerous obstacles: Balsamo suffered from a stroke, Lee sued her manager, claiming sexual assault, and Lee broke ties with her boyfriend, Seether’s Shaun Morgan. Lee and Morgan produced a duet, â€Å"Broken,† which appears in the soundtrack to â€Å"The Punisher. † After three years absence, Evanescence’s second album, The Open Door, was released. The Open Door debuted at the top of the Billboard charts, selling more than 447,000 units in its first week and reached platinum status in just over a month. The album is defined by Lee’s beautiful melodies, compelling lyrics, deeply moving piano and amazing vocals, blended with Terry Balsamo’s urgent yet intricate guitar to form a seamless, delicate mixture that perfectly channels the band’s hard rock and classical sensibilities. The album’s first single, â€Å"Call Me When You’re Sober,† bashes Morgan for his drug addiction. Lee began writing at the tender age of eleven. She remains true to herself through life’s trials, writing and singing from the heart, captivating audiences worldwide. When Lee and Moody, co-founders of Evanescence, began singing, Lee was only sixteen. Lee has matured over the years, as is reflected in the album The Open Door. As Alen Meltzer, CEO of Wind-Up Records, states, â€Å"She is the female voice of her generation. She’s come into her own as a writer and a singer. She made this record with no label involvement. It was all her. † (Meltzer). Some may find the lyrics of Evanescence offensive, yet others may find them soothing, finally having someone put words to their pain and anger.

Bias and Hate Crimes

Given that our society has such a dense population of different races, ethnicities, religions and sexual orientations, it is important to understand both the goals and challenges of policing and dealing with hate and bias crimes. Considering that since the beginning stages of immigration we have tried to support successful assimilation, hate and bias crimes create a huge barrier. Hate and bias crimes â€Å"occur when a perpetrator targets a victim because of his or her membership in a certain social group, usually defined by race, religion, sexual orientation, disability, ethnicity, nationality, age, gender, gender identity, or political affiliation† (en. wikipedia. org). Not only is it difficult for our society to identify this sort of crime, but it is also extremely hard to enact comprehensive laws governing the way police and society as a whole should handle these crimes. An important problem associated with bias and hate crimes is distinguishing them from other â€Å"everyday† crimes; often, the terms are used interchangeably. Law enforcement as well as the general public should understand that bias and hate crimes are in many ways the same crimes that are committed everyday, but that hate and bias crimes are committed intentionally against a person because of a certain bias and are usually much more violent. Furthermore, deciding how offenders should be identified and punished is sometimes problematic â€Å"because motivation is subjective, [and] it is often difficult for police officers to determine whether an offense was motivated by bias† (Katz, pg 301) Our constitution, as well as the laws which followed it, were written to ensure that â€Å"every citizen, regardless of race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, economic status, background, age, or culture [receives] the highest level of service available and equal treatment under the law† (www. wppd. org). Yet, hate and bias crimes have become such a major issue in our country that goals like high service and equality are being threatened. As a result, Congress passed the â€Å"Hate Crimes Prevention Act of 1999† on March 11, 1999. Congress developed this act due to the growing concern that â€Å"the problem of hate crimes is sufficiently serious, widespread, and interstate in nature as to warrant Federal assistance to States and local jurisdictions† (thomas. loc. gov). This concern stemmed largely from the continuing realization that â€Å"bias crimes affect victims not only physically, but also at the very core of their identity, creating a sense of ulnerability heightened beyond that normally found in crime victims†¦Such crimes violate not only society’s general concern for the security of its members and their property, but also the shared values of equality and racial and religious harmony in a multicultural society. 11 (Lawrence, pg 50-51). While the 19 99 Hate Crimes Prevention Act was a large step toward streamlining our definitions of and positions toward hate crimes, there is still a long way to go. Hate and bias crimes not only effect the individuals involved, but they also have a strong effect on our communities. Currently, one of the most effective ways of dealing with hate and bias crimes is involving the police and the punishment of those who committ them. Every state and even individual police departments currently determine their own policies when it comes to identifying and reporting bias and hate crimes. In recent years, many studies have been done in order to determine whether the adoption of uniform hate crime policies is effective at the local level. A study done in California found that â€Å"formal policies positively influence police behavior. Having a hate crime policy may increase an agency’s propensity to report hate crime by as much as 25%† (repositories. cdlib. org). Still, while this might be a helpful step, it is still tough to define, identify and fairly deal with bias crimes on a case-by-case basis. There is still no clearly-defined code given to officers concerning how to deal with hate and bias crimes, and because every situation is different and deserves individual attention, police officers are given a certain amount of discretion.

Management roles in the military Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Management roles in the military - Essay Example After my high school, I joined the army and graduated as a junior training officer. During my days in the army, I not only learned how hard it is to be a military man but also discovered how mentally strong I had become. The army not only expects one to be just physically and mentally tough but also to discover sides of yourself you never knew. One such incident involved me supervising a platoon of medical aides in a war front. It was the onset of monsoons and our platoon was asked to provide logistic and medical support to the soldiers actually fighting the war in terrorist infested Sri Lanka. Since the M.I. room or the Medical Inspection room was situated at about three kms from the battle field, it was our duty to keep everything in the medical ready. The distance from the actual battle field is a diabolical affair. I say this because at such a distance we were not directly involved in the war and in a sense our lives were out of immediate danger. However, it also meant that the soldiers who returned back in critical conditions had lost out on precious time. Generally, the distance between the army camps and the actual war front is much lesser. However, in Sri Lanka, due to the slippery nature of the terrain and the fact that we were on the foot hills of our enemies, our seniors had taken a decision of maintaining the three kms distance. We were a group of forty-eight and I had strategically kept about ten of the aides, as what I termed as ‘free lancers’, meaning they were always on the move to protect our MI camp.... Since the M.I. room or the Medical Inspection room was situated at about three kms from the battle field, it was our duty to keep everything in the medical ready. The distance from the actual battle field is a diabolical affair. I say this because at such a distance we were not directly involved in the war and in a sense our lives were out of immediate danger. However, it also meant that the soldiers who returned back in critical conditions had lost out on precious time. Generally, the distance between the army camps and the actual war front is much lesser. However, in Sri Lanka, due to the slippery nature of the terrain and the fact that we were on the foot hills of our enemies, our seniors had taken a decision of maintaining the three kms distance. We were a group of forty eight and I had strategically kept about ten of the aides, as what I termed as 'free lancers', meaning they were always on the move to protect our MI camp. I know this may sound incredulous to many army professionals but in Sri Lanka, the enemy we were facing was of a different kind. It was more of a guerilla war rather than a conventional war, and I had to make sure that the MI remained intact from all enemy attacks. The strategic distancing from the enemy lines ruled out the range of the use of mortars by the enemy. What only remained was the use of stray fidayeen or suicide bombers who could manage to give our men at the front a slip. The freelancers had their jobs cut out. Since many villagers from the nearby villages generally collected wood from the nearby forests, it was our primary duty to keep them safe. It also meant that we had to be extra careful for the use of commoners as spies. Working in this sort of an environment I knew the

J ainbury Plc marketing reearch and information need Research Paper

J ainbury Plc marketing reearch and information need - Research Paper Example ThÐ µ aim of thiÃ'• Ã'•tudy iÃ'• to explore thÐ µ orgÐ °niÃ'•ation'Ã'• approach to thÐ µ collection of environmental data Ð °nd market intelligence Ð °nd thÐ µ orgÐ °niÃ'•ation Ã'•elected iÃ'• J Ð…ainÃ'•bury Plc. Brief critical appraiÃ'•al will be done for J Ð…ainÃ'•bury, recommendationÃ'• for improvementÃ'• will be provided.A marketing oriented firm (alÃ'•o called the marketing concept, or conÃ'•umer focuÃ'•, or cuÃ'•tomer focuÃ'•) iÃ'• one that allowÃ'• the wantÃ'• and needÃ'• of cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• and potential cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• to drive all the firm'Ã'• Ã'•trategic deciÃ'•ionÃ'•. The firm'Ã'• corporate culture iÃ'• Ã'•yÃ'•tematically committed to creating cuÃ'•tomer value. The rationale iÃ'• that the more a company underÃ'•tandÃ'• and meetÃ'• the real needÃ'• of itÃ'• conÃ'•umerÃ'•, the more likely it iÃ'• to have happy cuÃ'•tomerÃ'• who come back for more, and tell their friendÃ'•. ThiÃ'• proceÃ'•Ã'• can entail the foÃ'•tering of long term relationÃ'•hipÃ'• with cuÃ'•tomerÃ'•. In order to determine cuÃ'•tomer wantÃ'•, the company uÃ'•ually needÃ'• to conduct Ã'•ome form of marketing reÃ'•earch. Overall, the marketer expectÃ'• that becoming marketing oriented, if done correctly, will provide the company with a Ã'•uÃ'•tainable competitive advantage.The concept of marketing orientation waÃ'• developed in the late 1960Ã'• and early 1970Ã'• at Harvard UniverÃ'•ity and at a handful of forward thinking companieÃ'•. It replaced the previouÃ'• Ã'•aleÃ'• orientation that waÃ'• prevalent between the mid 1950Ã'• and the early 1970Ã'•, and the production orientation that predominated prior to the mid 1950Ã'•.. ince the concept wa firt introduced in the late 1960, it ha been modified, repackaged, and renamed a "cutomer focu", "the marketing philoophy", "market driven", "cutomer intimacy", "conumer focu", "cutomer dr iven", and "the marketing concept". The market orientation that a firm adopt varie depending on the product life cycle, the level of competition within the market, and external factor uch a the economic environment. Companie are likely to modify their market orientation over the life cycle of a particular product, and it i common for a ingle company to have different product with different orientation. There i no one orientation that i appropriate for all product, and the changing environment and global market in which today' companie operate mean that orientation are likely to undergo rapid change. Depite the importance that market orientation

MOTIVATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MOTIVATION - Essay Example Batul Nafisa Baxamusa has written an article on equity theory even she has described various aspects of the theory. According to her, motivation factors usually differ from person to person. She states that few persons are motivated through the fame they earn whereas for most of the persons money is the motivating factor. While analyzing the Adam’s equity theory, she has brought into light an interesting fact that most of the employees tend to compare themselves with their coworker to judge the remuneration and reward provided to him and here lies the importance of the equity theory (Baxamusa, 2010). Yoon (2001) had highlighted the importance of the empowerment of the worker in the workplace. According to him, instead of being pleased with their jobs, few employees feel burnt out and powerless due to the increased workload and lack of job security. He proposed empowerment as the critical intrusion program to boost motivation (Yoon, 2001). Incentive is a part of motivation and Stolovitch (2004) has mentioned his two major findings regarding incentives at workplace. These two myth-breaking findings are â€Å"Incentives destroy personal, intrinsic interest in work† and â€Å"Incentives only results in paying more for the result you would have had anyway†. It has definitely a major impact on determination of the motivational factor in the workplace (Stolovitch, 2004). According to Amabile (2002), the prevailing psychological view of Motivation is that extrinsic motivation destabilizes the intrinsic motivation. He has proposed two mechanisms for the synergic combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and those are ‘motivation-work cycle match’ and ‘extrinsic in service of intrinsic’ (Amabile, 2002). Hackman and Oldham (2004), have suggested a model consisting with the specifications under which an individual can internally be motivated and can perform the work effectively. It focuses on three categorical variables and

Organ Donation, Presumed Consent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Organ Donation, Presumed Consent - Essay Example CONCEPT: Before arguing along the different spectrums, it is imperative first to understand the concept of organ donation in general and the new presumed consent argument in particular. Organ donation, as widely understood, is the endowment of the human organs to the needy, sometimes after the person’s death and sometimes during one’s lifetime. Organ donation has many different laws and practices all around the world. One of themes the opt in system which states that until the person has not agreed to donate his or her organs after his or her lifetime, their stance on the donation shall be considered negative. They do not want to donate their organs, but the one which has instigated the controversy, and which shall be argued in this paper, is the concept of presumed consent. This concept states that if a person has not specifically opted out during his or her lifetime, then he or she is presumed to support organ donation and would be willing to donate his or her organs after his or her death. ARGUMENT: People who voice in favour of the argument state that the world needs to broaden its canvas when it wants to paint a picture of human safety and security. They are of the view that if the holistic approach is taken and the concept of presumed consent is enforced, it will do more of a good to society than bad. Arthur Caplan, who is a professor of bioethics at the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, suggests that there are hundreds of thousands of people dying because of inability of organs in America alone, which is blessed country in terms of resources (Caplain et al, 2009). The situation in some of the other parts of the world is even more severe. Thus, for the greater good and the betterment of the humanity, the concept of presumed concept should be enforced in its totality. However, what these people fail to understand that every person born in this world is a completely free individual (Orend, 2002). He has the freedom of speech, the freedom of belief, the freedom of actions and likewise, the freedom of donating the organ or not. The rational that greater good or the betterment of the humanity is better than individual choices is week because there is no standard to judge the good or bad for the humanity and the actions or laws that will be justified for the greater good. If today, presumed consent is better for the society, then tomorrow, organ donation during a person’s lifetime can be taken as presumed consent, for the greater good. There can be no limit for the canvas of the greater good and the resulting actions. Thus, it is impossible for a standardized version of actions can be developed which fall in the sphere of the greater good. To put it straightforwardly, this concept of the presumed consent is a violation of human rights. People argue that generally, the people have altruistic nature and when given a choice, they will prefer to donate their organs after their death. According to Elaine Berg, the president and chief executive officer of the New York Organ Donor Network, in a majority of the surveys conducted in the U.S., nearly ninety percent people opted for donating their organs. Thus, the argument is strengthened and the presumed consent practise is viable and in accordance with the intrinsic altruistic nature of the human beings. This has been further

DWI (debate) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DWI (debate) - Essay Example However, before taking a stand in this issue, DWI should consider the legal and ethical implications of the change proposed by FCC. The further consolidation and merger among industry players will mean observance of more policies set by the government concerning duopolies and tripolies which are not currently allowed. DWI will also be faced with the challenge of operating in a less deregulated media industry. If DWI will merge with other media players, it will also be faced by the burden of delineating the responsibilities and ownership within the newly formed organization. Ethically, DWI should consider all its stakeholders including its customers, employees, competitors, lobbying groups, and other public relations. Since consolidation and merger often means downsizing, DWI should also be ready to legally give fulfill its liability to its employees. In this issue, the company should thoroughly consider its employees especially now that they are vocally expressing their opposition to the new policy. DWI's stand will surely have a huge impact on its image. It should be noted that researches have exposed that free TV does not really suffer from losses because most of these companies are connected or even owners of cable stations.

MOTIVATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MOTIVATION - Essay Example Batul Nafisa Baxamusa has written an article on equity theory even she has described various aspects of the theory. According to her, motivation factors usually differ from person to person. She states that few persons are motivated through the fame they earn whereas for most of the persons money is the motivating factor. While analyzing the Adam’s equity theory, she has brought into light an interesting fact that most of the employees tend to compare themselves with their coworker to judge the remuneration and reward provided to him and here lies the importance of the equity theory (Baxamusa, 2010). Yoon (2001) had highlighted the importance of the empowerment of the worker in the workplace. According to him, instead of being pleased with their jobs, few employees feel burnt out and powerless due to the increased workload and lack of job security. He proposed empowerment as the critical intrusion program to boost motivation (Yoon, 2001). Incentive is a part of motivation and Stolovitch (2004) has mentioned his two major findings regarding incentives at workplace. These two myth-breaking findings are â€Å"Incentives destroy personal, intrinsic interest in work† and â€Å"Incentives only results in paying more for the result you would have had anyway†. It has definitely a major impact on determination of the motivational factor in the workplace (Stolovitch, 2004). According to Amabile (2002), the prevailing psychological view of Motivation is that extrinsic motivation destabilizes the intrinsic motivation. He has proposed two mechanisms for the synergic combination of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and those are ‘motivation-work cycle match’ and ‘extrinsic in service of intrinsic’ (Amabile, 2002). Hackman and Oldham (2004), have suggested a model consisting with the specifications under which an individual can internally be motivated and can perform the work effectively. It focuses on three categorical variables and

DWI (debate) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

DWI (debate) - Essay Example However, before taking a stand in this issue, DWI should consider the legal and ethical implications of the change proposed by FCC. The further consolidation and merger among industry players will mean observance of more policies set by the government concerning duopolies and tripolies which are not currently allowed. DWI will also be faced with the challenge of operating in a less deregulated media industry. If DWI will merge with other media players, it will also be faced by the burden of delineating the responsibilities and ownership within the newly formed organization. Ethically, DWI should consider all its stakeholders including its customers, employees, competitors, lobbying groups, and other public relations. Since consolidation and merger often means downsizing, DWI should also be ready to legally give fulfill its liability to its employees. In this issue, the company should thoroughly consider its employees especially now that they are vocally expressing their opposition to the new policy. DWI's stand will surely have a huge impact on its image. It should be noted that researches have exposed that free TV does not really suffer from losses because most of these companies are connected or even owners of cable stations.

Better Off Alone Essay Example for Free

Better Off Alone Essay In the bible God’s greatest servant is Job; â€Å"This man was innocent, upright, and God-fearing, and kept himself apart from evil† (66). Job did everything God requested, and yet Job was maliciously tested by his creator. Throughout the story of Job there were several accounts of Job expressing his misery that resulted from God’s cruel tests of faith. Reading the story of Job I came up with the question of, would Job be happier without the weight of God’s continuous misperception and unannounced tests? Yaweh strikes Job with a â€Å"test† and murders his sons, daughters, and animals to see if Job will still love him. Perhaps God didn’t have faith in Job instead of visa versa. Yaweh causes Job to be miserable and want to kill himself; in no way is this enjoyable, or worth proceeding to worship a deity. If God were to tell Job he is the one who permitted all of these deeds, Job would no longer follow this deity. God is lying to get what he wants from Job, I don’t believe Job would still appreciate a God that goes against what he orates. It’s as if a wife had gone behind her devoted partners back and had a secret accomplice to pursue her other in a â€Å"test† of fidelity; If she were to tell him â€Å"I tested you, and had another female pursue you to see if you would stay loyal to me†, He would be mad and most likely leave her for lack of trust. Just as Job should leave his â€Å"creator† in the dark as nothing and move on to be happy, instead of constantly trying to please a God that is never satisfied. Job is â€Å"innocent† and â€Å"kept himself apart from evil† (66) and he was also tested with God’s sinful acts of murder and pain. Job was more than true to God, he showed this by even filling his own son’s faithful void; â€Å"Job would send to purify them, rising early in the morning to offer whole burnt offerings, one for each† (66). First off Job was this great of a servant so therefor Job should have been treated better and shouldn’t have been tested. This didn’t happen; but if Job was questioned because he is known as God’s ultimate servant and he had to live up to high standards then feasibly, Job wouldn’t have to deal with an untrusting God if he never submitted. Yaweh speaks with the Accuser and even points out himself that Job is â€Å"like no one on earth†; â€Å"Have you taken note of my servant Job, for there is no one like him on earth: Innocent, upright, and God-fearing and kept himself apart from evil† (66). This is a repetitive sentence through the first section of the story; making a statement that Job has all of these reliable qualities for his God. Job is pious; even Yaweh speaks of this, right before he causes Job an enormous amount of pain. When Yaweh and the Accuser speak of challenging Job’s allegiance, Yaweh tells the Accuser â€Å"Everything he has is in your power, but do not harm his person† (67). Emotions are a part in one’s brain, and one’s brain is a part of the â€Å"person†. By killing his family and animals, this is creating the feeling of agony (harm) to his person. One can then notice God either doesn’t know what harm is or he is just so unpleasant he doesn’t care if he causes Job discomfort, he just wants to see the outcomes of such mischievous acts with Job’s irrevocable loyalty. This isn’t fair to Job, to be harmed for entertainment, what an unhappy life to live. In result of God’s first test of faith, Job unchanged, remains faithful. God figures, well that’s not enough, he then changes his statement to the Accuser and says â€Å"He is in your power, but see that you preserve his life† (67). Yaweh goes back on his words and then physically harms Job’s â€Å"person† and â€Å"smote(s) Job with sickening eruptions from the souls of his feet to the crown of his head† (67-68). Job wouldn’t need to prove devotion to God through anguish if he just had escaped from this unfortunate cruel God. The only reason Job is being chosen to be tested is because he is God’s ultimate servant. If he didn’t believe in God then he wouldn’t have been chosen because God would have already known he was not faithful. Nothing would happen to him if he said good bye to God because all of Job’s friends told him not to keep following God, and nothing cruel happened to them. Job would be happy not constantly being subjected by God’s insecurities. Just how miserable was Job? Job was enormously depressed which shows in this quote; â€Å"blot out the day when I was born† He wishes to not remember the day he was born, or wish it never happened. With his words of self-loathing it creates to the reader feelings of suicide and hate. It makes the reader feel almost apathetic towards Job, for not listening to his friends and also continuing to follow a horrendous god.

The Idealized Picture Of Women In Fashion Advertisements Marketing Essay

The Idealized Picture Of Women In Fashion Advertisements Marketing Essay RESEARCH AIM The aim of this dissertation is to research and analyse the idealized picture of women in fashion advertisements and to define the role of digital impact of transparency in fashion advertisements. Another aim is also to provide recommendations regarding the best way of portraying the women in fashion advertisements to increase the brand sales. BACKGROUND TO ISSUE Womens fashion advertisements in magazines, television and in digital media show the idealized image of women that can cause different females reaction to that to which belong for example doubt in self-esteem, perceiving attractiveness in themselves, general body dissatisfaction or cause problem with eating. According to the range of researches womens self-perception changed through social comparison (Durkin, 2007). According to the WARC report We dont want to live in your fantasy world women want to see the advertisements that mirror their age, size or background. There is also a debate between many people how real women should look like in advertisements where the rise of digital technologies gives photographers, advertisers and other people who do advertisements opportunity to retouch images of models or celebrities. Most of the women are aware of the digital technologies and the way fashion magazines use them. Although digital technologies make air brushed models so popular, marketers have to know their potential customers needs and expectations towards the fashion advertisements. If consumers dont want to see air-brushed models in advertisements marketers have to respect this, otherwise there will be a loud respond in social media to that campaign. (Gillard, 2011). The subject will try to explain however fashion advertisements persuade or manipulate its target audience. It will also try to explain and evaluate a range of business and real-world marketing problems theories. Readers will learn and understand the effect of fashion advertisements on brand perception what is the impact of digital media in whole process of fashion advertisements and also how should look the future fashion campaigns to make its target audience happy. The subject will also investigate current fashion advertisements and analyse the changing habits towards it. The question which will be asked in this part is: what was the reason to start using curve women in some of the fashion campaigns and what were the reactions for it. OBJECTIVES To identify and critically review general theories and ideas. To critically analyse the idealized female picture in fashion advertisement and its impact of women body satisfaction and brand perception. To examine and consider how fashion brands can influence womens buyers behaviour. To compare and discuss the idealized images of fashion advertising. To critically assess the level of visual attention to fashion advertising    To compare and contrast the visual attention to fashion advertising offline and online. To critically evaluate the impact of digital technology in portraying the picture of women in fashion advertisements. To discuss the issue of telling the truth in the fashion advertisements and how it is relevant to the brand. Draw conclusion from both primary and secondary research undertaken. Make recommendations how women should be portrait in the advertisements. LITERATURE SOURCES According to the research there are many, up to date journals, books and many relevant websites. Most of the sources are published in last five years. Dissertation will start from analysing: BOOKS TELL THE TRUTH, SUE UNERMAN AND JONATHAN BASKIN 2012. This book explains the content of marketing communication and how telling the truth in advertising campaigns is important to the brands. It brings the advantage of building a competitive brand as well as brings sales and solid relationship with its customers. AFTER IMAGE, JOHN GRANT, 2003 Book looks into the future of marketing, provide a range of business theories as well as provide a social research and look into the trends which dominate in successful brands. SEMIOTIC ANALYSIS OF FASHION ADVERTISEMENT MANUEL KAUFMANN, 2006 Book answers to the question How fashion advertisements convey their images by explaining the semiotics theory, the science of sings and how does it relate in fashion advertisements. ADVERTISING IN WOMENS FASHION MAGAZINES, DRU WINN, 2011 Book analyse the entire fashion magazine, the sexual role of women in fashion advertisements and stereotypes which magazines have. JOURNALS WILL CHANGING MEDIA CHANGE THE WORLD? KASSEY WINDELS, 2011 Article says how digital media affect creativity of the fashion advertising campaigns, what is the difference between fashion advertisements now and before. TARGETING WOMENS FASHION CLOTHING OPINION LKEADERS IN MEDIA PLANNING: AN APPLICATION TO MAGZANIES, ERIC VERNETTE, 2004 Journal tries to answer for the questions such as: how can opinions leaders are identified in a given segment? Do the media they read statistically differ from the media read by no opinion leaders? in focus on womens clothing brands in France. PRETTY AS A PICTURE: A STUDY OF THE EFFECTS OF IDETALISED IMAGERY IN ADVERTING IN WELL- BEING OF YOUNG WOMEN, KAREN FRASER AND EMMA TAYLOR 2012 Article explains fashion advertising role in visual background and impact of airbrushed women in advertising on young women. WEBSITES WOMENS VIEWS ON THIR PORTRAY IN ADVERTISING- WE HAVE CHANGED, DO ADVERTISERS KNOW? GILLEM LAWSOM, BRAHMA SUNANDA, 2006 Article analyse how women what are the nowadays women values, have they changed and what have changed. It analyse how do advertisers should communicate with them to make successful campaigns. YOUNG WOMENS VISUAL PROCESSING OF FASHION ADVERTISMENTS USING EYE TRACKING, HAEVON JU, 2012 The study analyse the effects of fashion advertisements on young women using eye tracking. WHAT WOMEN REALLY WANT FROM CAMPAIGN, PETER FIELD, 2009 Article study different advertising campaigns by using focus group and analyse what are women expectation from the advertisements. Online fashion magazines will be analysed such as: http://www.vogue.co.uk/ http://www.cosmopolitan.com/ http://www.cosmopolitan.com/ METHODOLOGY Dissertation will conduct three stage processes which is research planning (subject identification, information collection and analysis), research implementation according primary and secondary research and research review. Literature review will focus on explanation, discussion and critical analysis of terms and concepts as well as on analysis of the most relevant studies about fashion advertisements and impact of digital technologies in this field. In order to confirm data gathered in the secondary research there will be conducted primary research with the use of different methods. Primary Research will complete the subject with the opinion and information from people who are currently working on this subject as well as people who are interested in this. Methods which will be included are: Questionnaire to confirm all captured data and confirm its reliability it is believed to carry out additional questionnaires which will gain at least sixty responses. Questionnaire will research what kind of fashion advertisements more are appealing to the women. Interviews Interview people from fashion magazines and advertising agencies to find out the decision making process for fashion advertisements. Whenever is it better to make advertisements with skinny and beautiful models or curvy ones and why is like that. Focus Groups to research how advertisements fashion changes peoples perception of a brand. People will see, compare and describes their feelings about many different kind of fashion advertisements. Advertisements analyse analyse of the successful advertisements will be provided. This will analyse what kind of fashion advertisements are the most successful, what kind of reaction was formed and measure the level of customer engagement. TIME PLAN The timetable below shows dissertation plan for the year. Intensive research, reading and advertisement analysis will be conducted from October and will last till March. Primary Research will start in December and will be carrying out till February. Dissertation review and last corrections will be made from April till last submission 9th of May. October November December January February March April May Intensive Research Methodology Review Final Proposal 24th Reading and Advertisement Analyse 2nd draft hand it 17th Primary Research Literature Review Editing And Reviews Final Submission 9th

The Communist Manifesto :: Literary Analysis, Marx

The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx in 1848 is noted as one of the most influential political documents in the world. The publication of the book earned Marx the reputation of a prominent sociologist and political theorist. Despite his renown, there are many controversies concerning the ideas and concepts of communism formulated in the papers that are still heatedly debated even today. Marx (1998) opened the book with, â€Å"The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.† (p.4). He scrutinized the class differences and social inequality between the Proletariats and Bourgeoisies, two terms he coined to represent social classes that do not own the means of production and social classes that do own the means of production respectively. Since The Communist Manifesto was produced in an era of great social distress, it was the result of Marx’s desire to eliminate the gap between the two classes in order to ameliorate the social, polit ical, and economic conditions of the Proletarians. To achieve equality, Marx encouraged the Proletarians to conspire against the Bourgeoisies to end the exploitation of lower social classes and set up a communistic society where class distinction is a leap of imagination. However, his ideal required changes that a society cannot successfully adapt to and do not ultimately provide equality. Marx’s theories were established upon only class stratification and ignored the many other factors that contribute to the foundation of a society. The entire list of demands that outlines the rules and regulations of communism do not fundamentally offer fairness. Communism disrupts the whole social exchange system which will eventually corrupt the economy of a society. Thus, the theories introduced in The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx are not relevant in modern industrialized societies primarily because they focus only on the issue of class stratification and neglected the other complica tions involved in a society. Marx (1998) believed that â€Å"Society as a whole is more and more splitting up into two great hostile camps, into two great classes directly facing each other – bourgeoisie and proletariat.† (p.4). It was a vital mistake to polarize the people exclusively on classes instead of taking into account the other factors that contribute to the build-up of a society such as traditions, religious ideologies, trust, laws, cultures, and such. Attempting to create equilibrium between solely the classes will cause new and severe problems that cannot be fixed with Marx’s theories.

Paper Airfoil Aerodynamics -- physics aerodynamics

Missing figures Two basic principles of fluid dynamics underlie all objects in flight: The forces of Lift, opposing the downward acceleration of gravity, and the forces of drag due to air-resistance. Both forces, properly harnessed and controlled lead to such ingenious devices as the parachute and the helicopter. Aerodynamics, the field of fluid dynamics involving the flow of gasses, even has applications in fields as separate as the automotive industry, fire-safety, and golfing. The aerodynamics of paper airfoils, and additionally, the study of airfoils of small size and low mass are allowing the emergence of a new generation of aircraft: low-speed, affordable aircraft for a variety of uses: military reconnaissance, civilian law enforcement, and interplanetary exploration. This web-project will explore and discuss some of the fundamentals and phenomena regarding such low-speed airfoils. Constructing paper airfoils is one easy and enjoyable way to study such aerodynamics. Daniel Bernoulli, a member of the Swiss family of mathematicians, studied the dynamics of fluid flow. He is honored today with a principle of fluid flow named after him: Bernoulli?s Principle. Bernouli?s principle shows that the average velocity of an ideal fluid is directly proportional to the pressure (A force over an area) it exerts upon a surface along that flow. Figure 1.1 shows an example of a device used to measure the velocity of moving fluids utilizing this principle. A pitot-tube utilizes the differences in pressures between the stagnant air at the tip and the moving air across the opening to determine the velocity. A greater difference in pressures means a greater fluid speed. According to popular myth, Archi... ...t. Although, typically, increasing the thickness of a wing generally increases its curvature, leading to greater lift. For the case of paper airfoils, which are mostly flat, increasing the curvature of the wing leads to a loss in stability and a very large increase in drag. 5. Airfoils with shorter chord lengths typically suffer from less viscous drag than those of longer chord lengths. These wings are called high-aspect ratio wings, The aspect ratio is the ratio of the wing's wing-span to it's surface area. For paper airfoils, due to lack of rigidity at long lengths and short chord lengths it is possible for a wing to fold in on itself at speeds of sustainable flight. This typically puts an upper limit to a wing's span of only a few tens of centimeters when it is constructed of paper, and therefore most paper airfoil wings are low-aspect ratio.

Changing places

Change of places can be for a good or bad reason, but in my case was for the best for our family. Most couples, when thinking about divorcing are worried about their children, because everyone knows that divorce have some effects in children's. In my opinion divorce is about loss and change. When my parents divorced it was hard for my younger brother and l. But was a change for the best of everyone. We moved to Hidalgo. Around this change of place, as result of my parents' divorce, everything has changed, a new place to live, a new school and we had to grow up emotionally faster.My life as many peoples had good and difficult times, but I have learned about life struggles. I was sixteen years old when my parents divorced. One night, my brother was in his room, and I was in the kitchen. Our parents told us to come and sit down in the living room. They had to told us something. We all were sit in the room, my Mom said † your Dad and I â€Å", my Dad interrupted her, † are g etting divorce†. We were in shock. The next day my Mom told me that we had to move. She decided to come here, because we can get a better education here.We came like three times in a onto for shopping, and, to visit my aunts. But it was not the same. We had lived all of our lives in Mexico, so it was a huge change for us. At the time, when we came from Mexico, we were a little family: my Mom, my little Brother and l. It was hard because we did not have a stable place to live, we stayed with our aunt while my Mom found a place to live. Every day my Mom was out looking for an apartment or house to rent. This experience was completely new for us, we had our own house In Mexico, but my parents decided to sale the house, when they divorced.After a peoples of months; finally, my Mom found an apartment of two rooms. The first couple of months were the most difficult for us. We got in a new school, without knowing English. My brother and l, took SSL classes to help us to master the la nguage. Every day when I came back from school to our new apartment which had no furniture. At that time It was only my Mom working to pay the bills without any help from my Dad, so we did not had too much In our little apartment , only the basics. As many teenagers we wanted everything. My brother was fourteen years old, so he cannot work at the time.I was sixteen years, so I decided to look for a Job to be able to buy my personal stuffs; I got a Job in an import and export agency as secretary. After six months, my little family was more stable in all terms, but my Mom got some eye problems, so she was obligated stop working. As the oldest in my little family I had to change my part time Job for a full time Job to support them, at this point, when I changed the house obligations with my Mom, I stopped to see my family that little. My Mom said â€Å"sorry for give you this responsibility at this age† I felt myself onto a tornado, this experience was totally new.I learned to n ever give up at any change. I had to grow up more quickly, be mature to distinguish the good from the bad. Sometimes, I felt sad, because I want to party with my friends from school, but I had to work a full time Job on weekends, pay bills, drive my Mom to her appointments not give up in his studies. After all, in my Junior year I noticed that if I had finish with my credits I will have the chance to leave early instead of pm in my senior year, it was like a little motivation for me to get better in school and never give up, as my mom said † hard work always pays off'.Finally, I went to my senior year, I did all my credits, so I change my schedule to have more time. I get experience in import/export and brokers in my first Job, so I applied in a new agency as broker consultant, I get the Job and a raise too. Through, this years was a lot of stress for me have two Jobs, school and the responsibility of support my little family, at the time I was too busy thinking about my new r esponsibilities that I did not remember about my parents' divorce and the change of place. I accepted the changes.And now I had done with my high school, and still in college with new opportunities to face. Around this change I had to work for my family and my goals, everything was new, no body say, it was easy changing places, but my family did it. We changed of place for a better life, not for the reason we wanted but no matter if are good or bad the reason, the importance is to pick the good from the bad. Instead, I am an independent women, and I am making my Mom proud of me. From this change I realized that no matter how bad something seems you will always like the results at the end.

ISIS Case Study Essay

ISIS is a terrorist group that has brought much drama and fright to many of late. ISIS stands for Islamic State in Iraq and Syria. They had actually begun as an al Qaeda splinter group. The aim of ISIS is to create an Islamic state across Sunni areas of Iraq and in Syria. It’s mainly known for killing dozens of people at a time and carrying out public executions, crucifixions and other acts. The group controls hundreds of square miles. It ignores the international borders and has a presence from Syria’s Mediterranean coast to south of Baghdad. ISIS rules by Sharia Law, the custom-based body of law based on the Koran and the religion of Islam. The leader of ISIS is Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. There is not much known about him pertaining to where he is from, but he earned a doctorate in Islamic studies from a university in Baghdad. Al-Baghdadi was detained for four years in Camp Bucca, a U.S. run prison in southern Iraq. He was captured and imprisoned in 2005, which means he was released in 2009. After ISIS declared the creation of the so-called â€Å"Islamic State,† he began to go by the name Al-Khalifah Ibrahim. Now, all of his followers no longer call him by Al-Baghdadi. A big reason why Americans are becoming worried about ISIS is that ISIS currently has about 300 members/militants with U.S. passports. Washington D.C. officials fear that American ISIS fighters will travel home and use their terror training to launch horrific attacks at either a single or multiple locations in the United States. I believe this is a major problem. My view on ISIS is that we need to put a force on them and treat them as we treated al Qaeda. Yes, it may not be right to say that we should send the marines and army out to Middle East again, but it is necessary in order to keep the United States safe. ISIS’ plans are to destroy people in their way, and there are a few things stopping them from taking over the Middle East. One of the things stopping them is the United States. ISIS instilled fear on everyone in the country when they released videos of their executions on prisoners. The executions varied from chopping off heads to crucifixions. That only leads you to believe what sick-minded things they have planned if they ever want to attack the United States. I believe it is only right if we go into total protection mode. Not one person in this world wants to see another tragedy like September 11th to happen again except for the terrorist lingering around the world. ISIS has made themselves well known to the world. It has put the world on watch, and has everyone preparing themselves for protection and possibly war.

Analysis of Aravind Eye Hospital

An Eye on Hope Miracles do happen. Don’t believe me? Ask that boy whose eyes would finally be able to see how the face of his mother is much more beautiful than even that angelic face that he had always imagined while listening to the lullabies she sang for him or how his cricketing hero actually looks like or how his kingdom of sand – that the world calls as a playground actually bore the signs of his footsteps or how the faces of his friends, who cheered for him for being specially-abled or who dissed him for his disability, change expressions on seeing him again. Now, here is a question for all the B-School students who are taught to derive the equivalent clink of coin-sound for all human emotions, day-in and day-out or for all the professionals who have grown up taking pride in putting a dollar tag on every single sentiment on this earth. Can you put a price tag on this miracle? How much would you be ready to invest if you could make this miracle a mundane reality for millions and millions of people in India? Can you be stoic enough emotionally to discard this proposal by taking help of an equally heartless financial jargon of profit-margins and return on capital employed? Or would you take a step forward and approach this problem the right way rather than the easy way. Arvind Eye Hospitals, since their inception, have proven time and again, year-after-year, that a business that deals in miracles like this can be self-sustainable if you have the right sentiments, intentions, vision and the sincerity to cater to the base of the pyramid, which because of its sheer volume, in a country like India can prove to be a self-dependent and autonomous business model. Put yourself in the shoes of the patients just for a moment, and you’ll understand how it can prove to be an economically viable model with a focus on intangible benefits rather than the tangible ones. Imagine a hypothetical case of Laxmi, who lives in Tangachi Mattam, a village forty kilometers away from Madurai, who decides to bring in her 10-year-old, bespectacled son Vishnu, to be examined at the centre this Saturday when he complained of irritation in his left eye. Ordinarily, it would have taken them a whole day to go to Madurai by bus and back, not to mention the cost of Rs 200 round trip. If the vision centre develops in every city, the consultation with the Doctor cost them Rs 20 – at less than the price of a coffee cup in a hip cafe, one little boy’s eyes can finally return to his school books. The model certainly can be emulated if the businessmen can abandon their perennial thirst for endless money for this cause and concentrate more on the intangible benefits of this exercise rather than tangible ones. But the question is how? Part-I – How ? If we look at the current status of blindness in India, about 90% of blindness is relatively easily treatable and cataract remains a major cause of blindness. Our annual cataract surgical rate is about 3. 5 million but the current levels of cataract surgery are far below the number required to clear the existing backlog, besides taking care of incidence. There is an urgent need to perform more cataract surgeries every year. If we look at the current service delivery pattern, the Government does about 25%, NGOs and voluntary organization 41. 2% and private 33. 8%. There is also an increasing shift towards IOL surgery. The increasing need in the community for eye care services combined with poor utilization of existing resources indicate a strong need for organizational development aimed at such eye care providers. One major need is to better equip these institutions to deal with the burden of blindness, to aid in the transition towards IOL surgery other standard procedures, to standardize duality of eye care provided by them, to promote cost effective practices for self-sustainability and finally to help the hospital leadership to articulate a well defined vision and goal for their hospital. Based on Arvind Eye Care’s experience, a capacity building process with other eye hospitals should be initiated. Arvind should set itself a target of partnering in capacity building with 100 voluntary eye hospitals that were under performing or in the start-up phase. The ultimate goal would be to help in developing each of these hospitals into a facility capable of doing high volume, high quality work and become financially viable. The financial viability will remain a critical issue in order to protect these voluntary organizations from the uncertainties of external funding. The first initiative in this direction has already come from the Lions International who wanted to establish a process for capacity building for the hospitals supported by them and as a spin off other INGOs like Sight Savers, CBM, Seva and IEF too joined hands for their partner hospitals. LAICO is currently partnering with 140 eye hospitals, of which 118 are from India and the remaining are from other countries like Nepal, Bangladesh, Africa, Cambodia, etc. LAICO, is working on the following 4-step strategy to help with the capacity building of the under-performing and other NGO hospitals. The results so far have been astounding for LAICO. The following graphs show how the capacity development workshops have been a path-breaking success for this business model in general and the participating hospitals in particular. The resulting efficiency increase through the economies of scale is also evident in the cost recovery of the participating hospitals as shown in the graph below. But the biggest challenge in terms of the execution of the plan is to ensure the sustainability of this execution. The above analysis leads us to identifying some of the factors that affect the capacity building process as many of the hospitals have drastically increased, while some hospitals have shown no improvement or decrease in the performance. The leadership of the hospital is a major factor. The location, availability and involvement of the leader affect capacity building. Wherever there has been a permanent leader with a vision, those hospitals have shown a very good improvement. Resistance to change and openness among the team members are also crucial. The hospitals need to have teamwork rather than one person doing the entire show. If the institution is not interested in doing high volume or is satisfied with the current level of services, capacity building is difficult. Where ever the leader focuses more on resource creation rather than on resource utilization, an imbalance between performance and capacity arises. Operational areas, even having a single ophthalmologist or part-time ophthalmologist also affect the long-term sustainability of the hospital especially when these doctors leave the hospital. The pattern of compensation also affects the growth of the hospital. To some extent incentives help the hospital increase its performance but this does not help the hospital to grow as an institution. This brings us to the vital question – what should be the change in the outlook of the organization to sustain this change and continue to register growth in the strategy chosen. Part-II – How sustainable is sustainable? No matter the individual or the reason at hand, all effective leadership styles have one thing in common- they all contain the Four Cs- Character, Communication skills, Consistency, and the Creativity needed for successful problem solving. Of course, within each of these four traits, variances of extreme proportions are noted by those most inclined to utilize them. The ability to get onto the correct path for creating your own effective leadership style stems from within the individual, for realizing that it is the followers who recognize if a leader is successful is the first step. Share the glory with your team, but keep the pains to yourself. Small, cash-strapped nonprofits often find that the most accessible funding is restricted to specific initiatives, programs, and contracts. They accept them because they nominally fall within the organization’s broad mission statement, but they are much better aligned with the donor’s strategy than with the nonprofit’s. Because the funds barely cover the direct costs of the additional activity, much less the indirect costs, the nonprofit reenters the funding market again and again, each time as a bigger, less focused, and more cash-starved entity. Hence, within the non-profit sector, one can safely say that â€Å"The tree dies from the top†. As a consequence of this stick-and-stretch syndrome, nonprofits often develop anaerobic life styles. At one extreme is the bloated bureaucracy: It may have some hardworking parts, but as a whole, it’s slow moving and survives because of mission legitimacy, not mission performance. At the other is the ever-busy nonprofit characterized by action paralysis. The organization is so busy executing the day-to-day stuff, raising money, implementing programs, and so on, that it never steps back to consider the full implications of its actions. The combination of stickiness to the mission and stretchiness to market demands can undermine a nonprofit’s effectiveness. The stretchiness keeps it very busy on a day-to-day basis; it’s constantly executing programs and working to raise funds. But in a strategic sense, the organization moves very slowly because the stickiness holds it in place. Before it can move forward, it must unstick the inertia at its center and then creep forward one step at a time, carrying with it all its baggage. To create a strategy that is both ffective and measurable, nonprofits first need to translate their core mission into a narrower, quantifiable operational mission. Next, the nonprofit needs to convert the operational mission into a strategy platform using the following 4-step strategy process. Step 1: The Mission Statement. This statement tends to be broad and far-reaching and usually identifies the customer need the organization attempts to serve, such as hunger, homelessness, or une mployment. The purpose of the mission statement is to inspire. Its credibility lies in the significance and scope of the problem it has identified. A powerful and compelling long-term goal will draw the attention of funders, workers, and volunteers. Habitat for Humanity International’s goal is â€Å"to eliminate poverty housing and homelessness from the face of the earth [and] put the subject of inadequate housing in the hearts and minds of people. † The mission tells you the nature of the problem, but it doesn’t identify how Habitat will address that need or how much of it will be served by the organization. Step 2: The Operational Mission. This step brings the lofty, inspirational mission into the realm of quantitative goals. While the big mission should be broad enough to guide action through periods of organizational and environmental change, the operational mission must be narrow enough to allow the organization to trace its impact. The organization’s work should always be measurable, even if it must use proxies to do so. Habitat for Humanity, for example, tracks not only the number of homes it has built, but in some areas it also estimates the extent of poverty housing yet to be eliminated. Step 3: The Strategy Platform. This delineates how the operational mission will be achieved, including which programs to run and how to run them. The strategy platform consists of four important components: client and market development, program and service development and delivery, funder and donor development, and organization development and governance. (See the exhibit â€Å"Blueprint of a Strategy Platform. †) Each one should directly relate to the operating mission and should dovetail with the other components. Most important, every program should correspond to its appropriate strategy platform component. Step 4: The Choice of Programs. Once an organization has the platform for supporting the various strategy components in a coherent way, the day-to-day tasks of choosing which programs to fund and which to cut are much better guided. When a new program appears on the organization’s radar, the first question to ask is, How does the program contribute to the appropriate strategy component—funding development, for instance, or operational development? Conclusion: The leader in a non-profit like that of Arvind Hospital, should instead of trying to be all things to all people, should pick a niche, craft an operational mission and, flowing from it, formulate a coherent strategy platform. Then it should vigorously pursue those programs that support the logic of the entire strategy. That approach improves nonprofits’ chances for changing the world. Unfortunately, too few nonprofits conduct such strategic assessments of their work. And it is this difference which determines that how sustainable is sustainable?